Characterization and adsorption of raw pomegranate peel powder for lead (II) ions removal

Abstract The adsorption potential of raw pomegranate peel powder (PMPP) for lead (Pb) ions was investigated via batch mode at varying initial adsorbate concentration, contact time, and adsorbent concentration. PMPP extensively characterized using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Energy-dispersion (EDX), thermogravimetry (TG), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analyses. instrumental characterization results confirmed the presence important functional groups surface texture/morphology that played key roles during ion adsorption. Description experimental equilibrium data by nonlinear Langmuir, Freundlich, Dubinin–Radushkevich, Temkin isotherm models elaborately presented in study. kinetic were fitted to Pseudo-first-order, Pseudo-second-order, Intra-particle diffusion, Elovich models. model satisfactorily predicted data. Meanwhile, intra-particle diffusion best predicting concentration 150 mg/L, while emerged as fit 300 mg/L This study shows could be efficiently removed powder.